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A. The Universe
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- There are more stars in the sky than anyone can easily count, but they are not scattered evenly, and they are not all the same in brightness or color.
- The sun can be seen only in the daytime, but the moon can be seen sometimes at night and sometimes during the day.
- The moon looks a little different every day, but looks the same again about every four weeks.
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B. The Earth
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- Some events in nature have a repeating pattern.
- Water can be a liquid or a solid and can go back and forth from one form to the other.
- Water left in an open container disappears, but water in a closed container does not disappear.
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C. Processes that Shape the Earth
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- Chunks of rocks come in many sizes and shapes, from boulders to grains of sand and even smaller.
- Change is something that happens to many things.
- Animals and plants sometimes cause changes in their surroundings.
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D. The Structure of Matter
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- Objects can be described in terms of the materials they are made of (clay, cloth, paper, etc.
- Things can be done to materials to change some of their properties, but not all materials respond the same way to what is done to them.
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E. Energy Transformations
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- The sun warms the land, air, and water.
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F. Motion
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- Things move in many different ways, such as straight, zigzag, round and round, back and forth, and fast and slow.
- The way to change how something is moving is to give it a push or a pull.
- Things that make sound vibrate.
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G. Forces of Nature
By the end of 2nd grade, students should know that:
- Things near the earth fall to the ground unless something holds them up.
- Magnets can be used to make some things move without being touched.
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